SSOrganizational Setting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SSOrganizational Setting - Coursework Example The development system saw the organization present marginally over 45 assembling plants in the United States spread across 26 states. The assembling habitats incorporate the world’s biggest food place that is situated in Frankfort Indiana. â€Å"Currently, Frito-Lay has more than 1800 conveyance offices and utilizes more than 20,000 workers notwithstanding selling items in around 350,000 retail places in the United States alone†(Wicklound and Alvers, 2001). What's more, Frito-Lay is additionally considered as one of the main publicists in the United States, a circumstance that has additionally fortified the company’s piece of the pie as a main advertiser and nibble producer. As expressed by Lucas and Baroudi, (2004) Frito-Lay has been in activity since the mid 1950s where the company’s development is credited to the forceful showcasing technique that Frito-Lay utilizes. What's more, Frito-Lay is associated with the publicizing industry that infers that the organization spends less on promoting. The abundance subsidizes that could on the other hand have been utilized in advertising are accordingly diverted towards an extension system that has seen Frito-Lay’s deals volumes increment radically throughout the years. Throughout the years, Frito-Lay has brought into the bite advertise different items that run from potato chips to different sorts of cheddar plunges. The presentation of cheddar plunges was required by the expanded prevalence of Mexican food which started to rise consistently in the mid 1960s. Today, it is assessed that a noteworthy level of Frito-Lay’s plunges are connected to vegetables, a circumstance that food and business specialists credit to low rivalry around there. Also, a few analysts in food and nourishment have built up that harsh based cream plunges are progressively getting well known in the United States where Frito-Lay controls a noteworthy market

The Social Network Compare and Contrast free essay sample

They are comparable and diverse in the manner that Eduardo is social and Mark isn't, Mark can be gullible and Eduardo is wary, the two of them are passionate individuals, and the two of them guard one another. In any case, Eduardo and Mark are diverse on the grounds that Eduardo is certainly not an extremely social individual and Eduardo is a social individual. Imprint can be discourteous and gruff about what he needs to state, he doesnt lie. The earliest reference point of the film is an ideal case of his absence of social abilities. In the start of the film he has a sweetheart and they are discussing how he needs to get into a last club at his school. She converses with him about which one is the most straightforward to get into and immediately he gets affronted as though shes inferring that he cannot get into a progressively troublesome one. He starts to affront her and her insight fundamentally disclosing to her that she isnt as brilliant as he seems to be. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Social Network Compare and Contrast or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Another model is after he affronts her she says a final farewell to him and leaves him at the bar to return home. He surges home and starts blogging pretty much all the things that aren't right about her. He calls her mean names, ridicules her, and revels humiliating insights concerning her. This shows exactly how much his social aptitudes are inadequate. Eduardo then again is a social and affable individual. Eduardo makes companions simpler than Mark does. One model is Eduardo got acknowledged into the Phoenix Club which is the one Mark needed to get into. Those clubs comprise of numerous get-togethers and becoming acquainted with many individuals. For Eduardo that is simple on the grounds that during the initial steps of getting into the club he knows the entirety of his realities and kind of intrigues the pioneer. Notwithstanding, they are likewise extraordinary on the grounds that Mark can be artless and imprudent while Eduardo can be mindful and thinks about the results. Imprint can be guileless on the grounds that in one of the scenes he absolutely succumbs to Sean Parkers enchant. In the scene where they initially meet Sean Parker its simple to see that Mark accepts each word he says and is likewise ready to do whatever he says. In that equivalent scene Eduardo questions all that he says and doesnt need to surrender to what Sean Parker needs to state. Its simple to tell that Eduardo is questioning him and calling attention to all the things that have turned out badly with what hes done as such far. A case of Mark being indiscreet is the point at which he hacks the school and sets up the face coordinate page. He doesnt even consider what the result and the outcomes while hes doing that, he doesnt even truly appear to mind either. Likewise in a similar scene once more, Eduardo shows he thinks of the results and outcomes when he inquires as to whether he truly needs to do the face coordinate page. He contemplates what individuals will think and how they will respond to the page they are making. Additionally, Mark and Eduardo are likewise like each other in light of the fact that they are both enthusiastic individuals. The two of them show their sentiments transparently and its plainly indicated when In the scene where Erika says a final farewell to Mark his enthusiastic side shows up when he returns home and web journals about her. He doesnt consider the amount he will hurt Erikas feeling since hes so irate right now. Another case of is when Eduardo freezes up the ledger and Mark doesnt like that by any means. When Eduardo does that Mark cuts Eduardos share and fundamentally takes him off as the fellow benefactor of Facebook. A case of Eduardos passionate side is the point at which he goes to California to help Mark with Facebook and sees Sean Parker and the things they were doing. When Eduardo strolls into that he gets extremely furious, reveals to Mark that he doesnt trust Sean, and goes to the bank to freeze his record with the goal that they no longer approach the cash. Last, the two of them guard one another and they have a genuine fellowship with one another. Regardless of the conditions they generally remain standing for one another, in any event, when they battle and during the claim. In one scene during the film Mark is in a claim with Eduardo the attorneys blame Mark for something and Eduardo supports him. Later when Marks legal advisor discusses how Eduardo was blamed to creature pitilessness Eduardo gets so furious at Mark for educating his legal counselors concerning that. A while later, when Eduardo is finished being stunned Marks legal advisor brings up that when he brought it up Mark really went to bat for Eduardo. They have a legitimate companionship and in any event, when they are battling they despite everything attempt to secure one another. When in the claim with the Winklevoss Brothers their legal advisor raises Marks claim with Eduardo and Mark discusses how Eduardo is his closest companion. They are in a manner still companions despite the fact that they are battling with one another. Besides, picking which character is progressively excellent it would need to be Edurado Saverin. Imprint Zuckerburg truly thinks about Facebook and did all that he could for it yet Eduardo is still progressively excellent. He had practical insight generally in the film and possibly goofed once when he marked that agreement yet he generally questioned Sean Parker. He set forth such a lot of cash and exertion into Facebook. He would go to meet with individuals to discuss Facebook to improve it. He really thought about what others thought and considered people groups emotions. It wasnt hard to distinguish that being of Facebook really made him upbeat. He was made out to appear not as significant as Mark yet hes in reality similarly as significant on the grounds that without his cash it truly wouldnt have occurred. Imprint and Eduardo are comparable yet extraordinary and that is the thing that makes them closest companions.

A letter for you

A letter for you Dear Applicants, Each year at this time, I feel an overflowing amount of gratitude toward you yes, you! for applying. I love learning about your lives and how your individual stories have brought you to this point. I admire your tenacity and your resilience through classes and the struggles you face in life. Some of you may be tempted to think that your time and your story have been wasted if you do not receive an affirmative decision tomorrow. Please fight those thoughts. A decision is not a measurement of your worth. A decision does not validate or invalidate your life or experiences. A decision is not a culminating experience or the end of the world (though it may feel like it tomorrow). Id like you to think of it as an invitation. For some, it will be an invitation to see how MIT can play a further role in your story. For others, it will be an invitation to explore other options, and, like a puzzle, figure out how you can find what you like about MIT in other places, or how best to showcase your light to the world in new and different ways than you may be thinking right now. I am so excited for your futures and look forward to reading about your achievements. All my best, always, Latasha Post Tagged #Pi Day

Executive Officer Of The Walt Disney - 2179 Words

With assets that include film, television, publishing, the internet, music, and recreation, Walt Disney is one of the world’s largest conglomerate in terms of revenue, making $14.28 billion in Quarter Three in 2016. They regularly find different and new innovative ways to promote and sell their brands through various media segments to have a revenue increase and it has helped Disney to successfully complete its mission to position itself as one of the world’s leader of entertainment. Robert A. Iger is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Walt Disney Company. As Chairman and CEO, Mr. Iger is the head of the world’s largest media company. He has a strategic vision for The Walt Disney Company that focuses on three fundamental pillars: generating the best creative content possible; fostering innovation and utilizing the latest technology; and expanding into new markets around the world. Andy Bird another chairman, and is responsible for Walt Disney International. Andy Bird is responsible for Disney’s businesses outside of the United States and reports to the CEO Bob Iger. Bird and his global team create and apply tactics to increase the Disney brand. They raise awareness in international markets, they get new customers and guests familiarized with Disney’s legacy and well-known famous characters, and invest in and maximize opportunities in emerging markets. Bob Chapek also a chairman, oversees the Company’s travel and leisure businesses. He oversees the six resortShow MoreRelatedWalt Disney Companys Mission Statement1134 Words   |  5 Pagesof entertainment that the Walt Disney Company has created. Countless public relations professionals wonder, How can such a vast Fortune 500 company creates such intimate relationships with consumers? The answer is simple, The Walt Disney Company has a top of the line in-house public relations team that work tirelessly to create, implement and cultivate strategic PR campaigns and internal company policy that draws consumers into the gates of their empire. The Walt Disney World Company has grown substantiallyRead MoreWalt Disney : The Monopoly Of Entertainment1177 Words   |  5 PagesFabos) The Walt Disney Company is one of the world’s largest media conglomerate’s which specializes in entertainment. The company overlooks, â€Å"the movie, TV, toys and theme parks business by owning six of the top ten franchises in the world.† (Disney: The Monopoly of Entertainment.) Through all of their services, The Walt Disney Company has impacted and continues to the impact the lives of both children and adults. Walter Elias Disney and his brother Roy founded The Walt Disney Company onRead MoreWhat I ve Learned Over Time Is That Optimism Is A Very Important Part Of Leadership894 Words   |  4 PagesCity where he was hired by ABC as a studio supervisor. This position gave Iger the opportunity to work on a variety of programs including popular game shows. Two years later, in 1976, Iger merged with ABC Sports where he retained management and executive positions for 12 continuous years. By the 1980’s, Iger’s success at ABC blossomed. He became involved in programming for ABC Sports and in 1985 he was named vice president directing the program’s outlining and advancement. He was responsible forRead MoreOrganizational Commitment and Communications Paper1151 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization is Walt Disney Company. In this paper the subject to discuss is how different leadership styles affect group communication, analyze different sources of power and the affects on group and organizational communication, identify the motivational theories effective within the culture of the company and the role of communication as an element of these theories, and the commitment of the workforce to the organization and their relationship to the organization’s communication. Walt Disney himselfRead MoreCompensation Program for Walt Disney Company1890 Words   |  7 PagesCompensation Program for Walt Disney Company: Walt Disney Company is an expanded global company with operations in four major business segments i.e. Studio Entertainment, Media Networks, Consumer Products and Parks and Resorts. The company has a workforce of more than 15,000 employees in more than 40 countries across the globe. In addition to having a huge workforce, the firm is largely renowned for its success and profitability in all its business segments on an annual basis. One of the most importantRead MoreThe Mega Conglomerate, Disney, Walt Disney1130 Words   |  5 PagesHistory The mega conglomerate, Disney, began in 1923 with two men and one cartoon, Alice In Wonderland. From 1988 to present day Disney Pictures has released some of the most successful films in Hollywood. Disney’s most iconic and memorable titles include, The Lion King, The Little Mermaid, Aladdin and Beauty and The Beast. Disney has pushed the boundaries of the film industry since its beginning with the production of the first full length animation film, Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs, as wellRead MoreCase Study : Disney s Best Practices1310 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Customers In this step, Disney Institute tries to gain a deeper understanding of whatever organization they are hired to assess and help prosper. They get information of how the company works by having personal interviews as well as requesting hard data. With this information, the institute will see what tactic is necessary to make the company a successful one. 2. Adapt and Apply Disney’s Best Practices Disney Institute uses real-world examples from The Walt Disney Company to associate the businessRead MoreDisney Analysis1383 Words   |  6 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Growth in the theme park industry is a challenge in today s market. Theme parks will not grow if they don t diversify their resources. The Walt Disney Corporation is a nation wide multi-varied entertainment company which is a household name to millions of people throughout North America. Michael Eisner who is Disney s chairman and chief executive officer knows that his company will have to diversify in order to meet his targeted growth rate of 20%. Eisner wants to follow oneRead MoreCase Study Disney1005 Words   |  5 Pages02/11/08 Agenda ââ€" º About Disney ââ€" º Divisions of Disney ââ€" º A bit of History ââ€" º About the CASE ââ€" º SWOT Analysis ââ€" º Its Current Executive Management ââ€" º Recommended Organizational structures ï‚ § Model 1 ï‚ § Model 2 ï‚ § Model 3 02/11/08 About Disney ââ€" º ââ€" º ââ€" º ââ€" º The Walt Disney Company (most commonly known as Disney) (NYSE: DIS) is one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. Founded on October 16, 1923 by brothers Walt and Roy Disney as a small animation studio TodayRead MoreBa420 Power and Politics Essay765 Words   |  4 Pagesis shown by the attitude of the original executives at Disney. The reason for this observation is how the executives required Lasseter to receive great art education in order to be hired at Disney. It was also mandatory for him to be taught animation prior to his hiring. Next interpersonal power is reward. Lasseters persistence to learn animation and to work at Walt Disney was his driving force. Eventually his reward came when he was hired on by Disney. Another reward was the amazing 3D animation

A Perfect World, Economic Inequality - 1337 Words

In a perfect world, economic inequality would be nonexistent. There would be no disparities among the races, nor would there separate laws for certain classes of people. The words â€Å"all men are created equal† would truly have meaning and its applicability could not be tampered with or deviated from based on a person’s zip code. If within this perfect world crime did exist, the ramifications of criminal acts would be blind to race, wealth, or family name. Unfortunately, the illustration of a perfect world is far from it, it’s nonexistent. The world we live in today is full of disparities. There are special rules and special laws for certain people especially when it comes to crime and punishment. Everyone is not created equal. Society looks up to the wealthy and frown upon the weak and the poor, those who have little to no education and whose income is low or below the poverty level. Clarence Darrow wrote (1902) â€Å"The penal code is made and enfor ced by the ruling class, not upon themselves, but to keep the weak at the bottom of the social scale† (Dorpat, 2007). This paper explores the causes of crime and crime rates among the nation’s rich and poor. A comparison of criminal activity between the two classes is made to determine whether the legal system favors one over the other based on how the cases are handled. Lastly, a look into criminal theories that suggests certain environmental factors are conducive to and the reason for criminal behavior. WhatShow MoreRelatedThroughout History, Economists And Philosophers Have Theorized1533 Words   |  7 Pagesargue that capitalism has been the most successful economic system in history. While this may be true, pure capitalism has fundamental flaws that lead to a variety of social issues. As society continues to evolve, it is imperative to improve our economic philosophy to defend against the elimination of competition and ensure equal opportunity for all. If the weaknesses of modern capitalism are addressed, it could propel society to a new level of economic prosperity. While the original objective ofRead MoreCandide in El Dorado1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe Meaning of El Dorado and its contrast with the rest of the world: El Dorado appears to be the perfect utopia, for others it represents an unrealistic place to live. For Voltaire this world meant his entire desire and dream about the perfect society. Many critics note that El Dorado is only a huge extravaganza because it consisted of contradictory statements. The meaning of El Dorado is a vision of the perfect society and represents a false paradise impossible to attain or approach by the destructiveRead MorePoverty And Poverty1487 Words   |  6 PagesGlobally, poverty is a prevailing social and economic concern. In pure economic terms, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO, 2017) defines income poverty as a failure of a family’s income to meet a federally established threshold. The World Bank’s definition of extreme poverty is living on less than US$1.90 per day (World Bank, 2017), which was decided on using the purchasing power parity exchange rates to convert the line into the US dollar, an d into the currenciesRead More Income Distribution and Economic Growth in LDCs Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesIncome Distribution and Economic Growth in LDCs INTRODUCTION In recent years, one of the major concerns of economic development is the study of poverty, the income distribution and growth in the less developed countries (LDC’s) or Third World countries. Economists from all over the world have been doing researches and studies on how to induce a growth in those underdeveloped countries. However, countries differentiate in historical backgrounds, cultural believes and natural resources.Read MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald867 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent controversial debate sponsored by Intelligence Squared U.S. by representing the aspiration of economic success. The â€Å"visceral topic† is questioned, â€Å"Does income inequality impair the American dream of upward mobility?† In the beginning, Mr. Robert Rosenkranz provides the audience with a comparison of one’s income to a ladder with many rungs. He sets a perspective about the increase in inequality creating a difficulty or perhaps a neutrality of mobility within our capitalist economy. The importanceRead MoreRelationship Between The Worker And The Capitalist997 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, inequality has been found on high levels all around the world, this is due to how the market functions and the relationship between the worker and the capitalist. In this essay, the characteristics of Capitalism will be described followed by an analysis of how it produces wealth inequality, however a political economical approach will be used. Emphasized are the thoughts of Karl Marx and Adam Smith. To begin with, Adam Smith in his book Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsRead MoreSources Of Economic Growth And Social Justice Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Sources of Economic Growth and Social-Justice Egyptian per-capita income has been significantly improved in the second half of the first decade of 21st century, as it recorded, in average, $1984 (standard deviation $167), compared to $1312 (standard deviation $597), in average, during the first half of the decade. Figure (1) illustrates the development of per-capita income through the first decade of 21th century and it shows that per-capita income growth rates were, in most, negative duringRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effect On Society1240 Words   |  5 Pagesweakens global inequalities Globalization is a very important force in the new world and it continues to impact the lives of individuals as well as groups world over. The role and affect of globalization has broadened over time. It has resulted in the lessening of trade barriers, integration of the economy of the world, increase in opportunities for groups and individuals alike and an increase in the economic well being and income levels of individuals and groups. However, critics of economic globalizationRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between China And Australia1236 Words   |  5 Pagesunemployment, inequality, standard of living, environmental issues and the roles the different governments have in influencing and modifying these factors of the economy. Size of Economy The GDP is the total market value of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. China’s GDP is significantly larger than Australia’s, measuring 9.24 trillion $USD as of 2013, while Australia’s GDP was 1.56 trillion $USD the same year. Before the change to a socialist market, the economic policy at theRead MoreDomestic Inequalities in The USA and Denmark Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagespolicy approaches to addressing domestic inequality. Compare and contrast two different countries and evaluate the effectiveness of their key policy measures in addressing inequality. It is a commonly accepted that inequality is increasing throughout the globe, with startling statistics such as the recent Oxfam report indicating that the richest 85 people in the world own more wealth than the poorest 3.5 billion people(Oxfam Australia Media, 2014). Inequality is thought of as disparities or gaps, such

Evolution of Human Resource to Human Capital A Strategic Shift Free Essays

As per the Darwin’s theory of evolution, everything has to evolve in order to sustain its identity. Corporate and its environment are changing every day as per the needs and behaviour of the customer. New strategies and concepts are evolving and the old concepts are either getting modified or are getting redundant if not practised. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Human Resource to Human Capital: A Strategic Shift or any similar topic only for you Order Now Knowledge of attracting, selecting, deploying and developing talent and strategies has given a competitive advantage to the companies. In line of this Human Resource, that was considered as a supporting coordinate in strategy formulation, now has taken a front lead in capital generation and hence regarded as the Human Capital. Peter Drucker famously defined a knowledge economy as one in which the human brain provides the primary means of production. He then noted the obvious corollary: that an organization’s most valuable resource is lodged in the heads of its employees and goes home with them at night. [Reference4]. This is how firms have started involving employee participation at all levels for decision making and management forecasts (be it in any field, i. . Operations, finance, Marketing, Human Resource department etc. ) and not only a pre-selected group of individuals. Concepts like brainstorming of ideas have also evolved with the concept of human capital. In this article, let us first define human resource and human capital briefly. Human Resource was regarded as the set of individuals that forms the employee strength of any organization and its planning was typically considered as the process of anticipating and providing for the movement of people into, within and out of the organization. Previously firms were giving much importance to system implementation than human resource development as technology was much simpler. But with the advancement of technology and shortage of skilled manpower, firm has started giving respect to their employees and have initiated different measures to enhance their skills. This has generated the concept of Human Capital. Human capital narrowed the concept of human resource in terms of expertise and knowledge beneficial for the company. Human Capital describes the economic value of employees’ knowledge, skills and capabilities. This concept has highlighted the fact that success increasingly depends on an organization aptitude to manage talent and stressed upon the idea of â€Å"Compete through people†. In line of strategic planning that involves a set of procedures for making decision about the firm’s long term goals and strategies, human capital has taken the front seat. In the older model with the advancement of system technology, corporates started considering system before human resource. Their main goal was to make human resource as predictable as physical assets. But in last 40 years this concept has gradually changed and now the concepts like Toyota Production system pioneered the model that human resource come much before systems and that any individual on the production line had the capability often regarded as the ownership to point out problems and stop the line when proper standard operating procedures (SOP) is not being followed or some error has occurred. This has also extrapolated the idea that it is the human resource that drives and maintains the system and is not the other way round. It has also advanced the human resource processes to be continuous and not episodic as considered previously. Human capital is clearly different from the tangible monetary capital due to the distinguishing characteristic of human capital to grow cumulatively over a long span of time. Due to the shocks experienced in the business cycles it is difficult to maintain the linearity in growth of tangible monetary capital. During the period of prosperity, monetary capital grows at relatively higher magnitude while during the period of recession and depression; there is a dip in generation of monetary capital. Reference3]. Contrary to this, human capital has uniformly rising rate of growth over a long period of time because the foundation of this human capital is laid down by the skills both technical as well as educational and health inputs. [Reference3]. The current generation is qualitatively developed by the effective inputs of education and health that will also benefit the future generation by its advance research and development. Thus the future generation gets refined day by day in terms of skills, production capacity etc. generating more human capital with superior quality. Firms have started banking upon their skill inventories for their business differentiation. Skill inventories list each employee’s education, past work experience, vocational interest, specific abilities and skills, compensation history and job tenure. IT hubs in Hyderabad, Bangalore etc. have banked upon their skill inventories and this has signified the rapid growth of Indian economy. Companies such as Mackenzie etc. has over a period of time emphasised and given inputs to develop a pool of human capital to gain the competitive advantage. Now the trategy formulation has moved from simple analysis to devising a coherent course of inputs and actions. Thus cumulative growth of Human Capital in India is evident. Countries like china have always banked upon their human capital for their economic growth. Many reasons explicitly explain the strategic change of human resource to human capital major of which is globalization. Globalization has led to multitasking of the employees where the work force is developed in a holistic manner to accomplish many tasks at one time. The resources are utilised in a much better way. Individual knowledge bases are continually changing and adapting to the real world in front of them. So the dimension of knowledge is not limited to demographic borders and has developed leaps and bounds. Training programs complement building the human capital by developing superior knowledge, skills and experience within the workforce. Managers of today are thriving to develop business agility in their team. Many development assignments are getting structured for employees, empowering them and ensuring that their job duties and requirements are flexible enough to allow growth and learning. Human capital is intangible and elusive and cannot be tapped the way organizations manage jobs, products and technologies. One of the reasons for this is that the employees, not the organization or system own their human capital. If valued employees leave a company, they take their human capital with them, and any investment the firm has made in training and developing those employees is lost. Technology advancement has also pioneered the shifting of human resource to human capital. Companies like Apple, Samsung are coming up with more than one product in a year where the human talent is used profusely to gain the technical niche. Advancement of technology tends to reduce the job openings that required little skill and increased the position that required considerable skills. This transformation has shifted the human resource from â€Å"touch labours† to â€Å"knowledge workers†, in which the employee responsibilities expand to map a richer array of activities such as planning, decision making and problem solving. Even the firm are preparing blue prints of programs to improve the skills of not only the upper management but also the middle and the lower management also. Firms are creating programs and awards like mentorship program, performance pay, incentives, bonuses and other awards for all level of employees to retain their human capital. Because employee skills, knowledge and abilities are amongst the most distinctive and renewable resources on which a company can draw, their strategic management is more important than ever. Reference2]. Thus HR professional can concentrate more effectively on the firm premeditated direction instead of daily routine tasks. This blueprint can include forecasting personnel needs especially for firms planning to expand, contract or merge, planning for career and employee promotions, and evaluating the impact of the firm’s policies- both those related to HR functions and other functions- to improve the firm’s earning and strategic directions. But the main challenge comes in utilization of human resource as human capital. Without proper ownership and proper activities that capitalizes the workmanship of an employee, the part of the capital gets unutilized and goes as idle waste. Managers are architecting work for the employees in such a manner where they feel themselves connected and their skills are enhanced. This also catapults their full capacity utilization. The evolvement of this concept has inevitably changed the focus of firm from traditional Human Resource Management to strategic Human Capital Management. To be in the competition firms are using their human capital to implement both proactive and reactive change initiatives and are crossing the line to retain their human capital. Such is the magnitude of human capital in today’s scenario, where in a manager success is determined by the amount of human capital he has generated or retained in a year. The future depends on pursuing businesses that leverage human capital. How to cite Evolution of Human Resource to Human Capital: A Strategic Shift, Papers

On Human Nature by Thomas Aquinas free essay sample

A discussion of the theory that a person can only will something which he perceives to be or do him good, but that idea of what is good can be entirely subjective and altogether incorrect or even evil. We will write a custom essay sample on On Human Nature by Thomas Aquinas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper relates the ideas of sensitive appetite and practical intellect. It expands on the role they play in the deliberations of man to reach a decision based of his perception of good and evil. Essentially or by nature, what man wills is good, since he can only will something to which he is inclined, and every inclination is to something good. (Aquinas 2002) But every inclination takes a form, whether natural or apprehended. The form that exists in the nature of things appeals to the natural appetite, while that apprehended or perceived form appeals to the sensitive, or the rational or intellective appetite. In laymans terms, a person can only will something, which he perceives to be or do him good, but that idea of what is good can be entirely subjective and altogether incorrect or even evil.

Memoirs Of A Sleep

Memoirs Of A Sleep The paper traces the meanings of associated with the word savage by analyzing the book by Edgar Huntly, Memoirs Of A Sleep-Walker by Brown. The paper recognizes that the different nuances of the word savage have been brought into use to justify the attitude in colonialism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs Of A Sleep-Walker specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper Conrad’s work the Heart of Darkness is used to illustrate the attitude of colonialism towards African societies that are seen as savage. The paper cites information from colonialism informed materials that have taken to support the savage attitude as the lowest form of a human society. The paper ends with a note that colonialism was an attempt to raise the savage to civilized standards of the world that resulted to conflict. Savage as a word has many connotations and meaning when used in the daily use of language. As a result therefore wh en uttered the obvious and most common meaning inferred is that of lacking complex or advanced culture. In this meaning the word savage is taken to refer to a people or a country that lies behind the normal standards as relatively measured by the civilized concepts. Civilization is the opposite where a people or a nation are seen in terms of culture and practice as complex, sophisticated and modern. By this definition therefore, any culture whose practices, way of life as well as perspectives seem to differ than the standardized norms and to some extent viewed in a negative sense bear the mark ‘uncivilized’ and hence its inhabitants become savage. By inferring to the other meanings of savage this paper seeks to understand the nuances of the word application in many uses. Savage has another entry in the language dictionary of one which has not been domesticated. This has the sole meaning that the subject of talk is not under human control and therefore may be termed wild . To term the subject wild translates to the opinion that it is untamed and thus the principles of operation are based and understood from the animalistic point of view. This means that they are guided by animal instinct (Chidester 12).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other entry meaning of savage refers to the lack of restraint which is observed by human beings. In this meaning the subject referred to as savage lacks the normal human control skills hence it is guided by this nature to become ferocious and fierce. It may also take the form of uncultivated or wild as well as rude to mean of manners. This work will thus aim to evaluate the usage of the term savage in Brown’s work ‘Edgar Huntley Memoirs of a Sleep Walker’ as well as the colonial usage of the word (Page 45). In his work Brown makes the main protagonist refer to his enemy in a pa rticular view that denotes the different meanings of the word savage. One such use of the word is found in the line â€Å"†¦my condition, the savage rushed from his covert in order to complete his work† (Brown 4) is used in the sense that depicts the enemy who is the main protagonist. In this story the protagonists relents his story that occurs to the reader as a battle requiring the participants to use every necessary techniques to defeat the enemy. As a result therefore, this reference to the enemy who happens to be an Indian as later the character reveals can only be taken to mean the ferocious enemy bent on killing another. It is important on the other hand to note that the attitude of the main protagonist is skewed against his enemy based on the fact that he becomes the victorious participant of the ensuing charade despite his admission that he had been injured on the cheek. As a result therefore the reader finds pejorative attitude towards the character’s op ponent which runs through the novel (Bain-Selbo 23). In another instance he describes the last enemy of the five group gang against his survival in the following words â€Å"†¦He moved on all fours and presently came near enough to be distinguished. His disfigured limbs, pendants from his nose and ears and his shorn locks were indubitable indications of as savage, (Brown 23).† This meaning is purely based on the definitions of savage that borders and translates to wild and uncultivated. To infer to this meaning this enemy is rendered beastly by the description of moving on ‘all fours’ which gives the impression of animal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs Of A Sleep-Walker specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main character creates the image of an animal which is further extended to ferocity based on the fact as explained by the character that his actions were meant to kill (Jauregui 1 5). The description of the pendants hanging from his ears and nose clearly give the reader the impression of an ancient culture whose notoriety of using such ancient jewelry is on records. In the present image therefore the main character invokes the meaning of uncivilized being that lacks taste in the choice of usage beautifying elements. As a result therefore the reader perceives this enemy as crude and unsophisticated. This image is further stretched by the narrator in the description of the loud shrieks that his enemy throws after receiving the bullet. These ‘doleful’ shrieks at first convince the narrator to run away from the scene only to compel him later to end the necessary task of killing the enemy. It is only worthy to note that the narrator at first attributes the movement of the enemy to that of a beast like a panther or a bear (Brown 21). Indeed he refers to his enemy as a wretch who needs to be relieved his present pain and pangs and thus this gives the na rrator the excuse to eliminate him as an enemy now and in the future. In this story the character is related to an English colonial man who is his uncle in the state country of India. His predicament follows from the fact that he is being chased for some particular reasons by the natives of India. In his description of Queen Meb it becomes clear that the settler are unwanted in this country and hence the ensuing conflict between them and the natives lead to the apparent state of affairs that inform of his predicament (Meining 16).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By the description of the thicket and country side where he walks through it is clear that the country is in position that is explainable in savage terms. The country side lacks serious roads that depict countries at the time of colonialism. Based on the fact that the English was far much advanced its colonies could only be referred to shabby shadows of itself and therefore they were by all terms uncivilized. In his book, Conrad attributes the same character traits to the natives of the African lands. In their description Conrad using his major narrator a stem engine driver the reader is informed of savage attitude towards them. This is clearly depicted by the dying scene at the station of black figures that the narrator does not first recognize as human beings. He observes that their presence in the station makes it move forward through their hard work. In return they would get nothing except hunger that resulted to emaciated figures whose beautiful reward was to succumb to the bow els of the earth through untold suffering. In this work Conrad’s presentation of the natives is of the pure most savage attitude and meaning noting from the choice of his words. The narrator refers to the place of as the heart of darkness which is only characterized by big buttressed forests that seems to stand and stare forever with no apparent movement (Conrad 81). Indeed this is well confirmed back in England by the doctor whose experiment seeks to measure the impact of the experiences of the ‘heart of darkness’ upon seafarers and explorers. The narrators attempt to decline experimental measurements of the skull for his studies come to a futile effort when he explains the purpose and the impeding danger he is to face (Bird Rose 34). As if to confirm this fact the narrator’s search for Mr. Kutz as the most famous and trusted explorer leads to confirm these truths as of the savage nature of the natives. He narrates that the man responsible for repairing t he engine of his steam boat is one who can not be trusted despite the fact that he had been trained very well. He therefore has to guide and watch his work to ensure that everything was right. In this attitude he makes the statement that the Africans are savage starting from their environment to themselves (Moses 13). When he meets Mr. Kutz he gets disappointed by his state of affairs. Although he is the most famous explorer in the region he has turned to tendencies that reveal his inferior nature to the former self. The narrator realizes that Mr. Kutz has been affected by his long stay in the heart of darkness and thus his mentor powers and brilliance no longer match or reflect his stock heritage. His efforts to save Mr. Kutz are fraught with instances that reveal his attitudes of the natives as savages who get frightened by the sound of a whistle (Conrad 90). In their book Woodard and Minkley (32) observe that the origin of slavery appeared in the scientific quest for the state of nature of the infancy of mankind. The discussions sought to classify people into in relation to superior and inferior codes in the theory of political governance. These discussions had been influenced by issues like the social contract which led to the question of the need for civil laws in civil societies. Enlightenment issues after indicated that the development of human societies started from the most basic forms, savagery to attain the highest levels of human form. Therefore savage represents the lowest form of human being or society and hence colonialism would be justified as a form of practice that would help to change from this low form to a better more advanced form (Piomingo 3). In these respect therefore, these historical thinking informed and guided the start and onset of colonialism in the world. As an example the Khokhoi and the San were seen as a society lacking the necessary ingredients to inform of a civilized society and therefore the British and the Dutch colonial practices were justified. This would only make the ‘savages’ better hence the need for colonialism (Brown et al. 24). As a result therefore, the meaning of savagery in the colonial times was a means to move and in the countries in an attempt to raise the low human beings close the best society. In this process the colonialist would take the position of a guide to new and civilized tastes of the human society already civilized. However, in this process conflict would arise as the savage sought to rid himself of the burden of mistreatment and oppression resulting to the states explained by Brown. Bird Rose, D. Hidden histories: black stories from Victoria River Downs, Humbert River, and Wave Hill Stations. Sydney: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1991.Print. Brown, Charles B. Edgar Huntly, or Memoirs of a sleep-walker. Oxford: Oxford University. 2006. Print. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. London: Penguin Popular Classics, 1994. Print. Chidester, David. Savage systems: colo nialism and comparative religion in southern Africa. Studies in religion and culture. Virginia: University Press of Virginia, 1996. Print. Dickason, Patricia, O. The Myth of Savage and the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. 1997. Print. Jauregui, Carlos A., and Morana, Mabel. Revisiting the colonial question in Latin America. Madri:Iberoamericana Editorial, 2008. Print. Meining, Sigrun. Witnessing the past: history and post-colonialism in Australian historical novels. Langeweisen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 2004. Print. Moses, Dirk. Empire, colony, genocide: conquest, occupation, and subaltern resistance in world history. Oxfor:Berghahn Books, 2008. Print. Page, Melvin E., Colonialism: an international social, cultural, and political encyclopedia. California: ABC-CLIO, 2003. Print. Piomingo. The savage. New York: T.S. Manning. 2006. Print Woodward and Gary Minkley. Deep histories: gender and colonialism in Southern Africa. Amsterdam:Rodo pi. 2002. Print. Bain-Selbo, E. Judge and be judged: moral reflection in an age of relativism and fundamentalism. Oxford: Lexington Books, 2006

Whats Actually Tested on the ACT Math Section Concepts, Subjects, and Skills

What's Actually Tested on the ACT Math Section Concepts, Subjects, and Skills SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you preparing for the ACT? You’re probably wondering what you need to know to be ready for the math section. For many students, the math section can be the most stressful part of the ACT because of its breadth and time difficulty. In this post, we'll break down exactly what will appear on the ACT math test, with sample questions. We'll also give you the resources you need to start studying so you can get the best score possible. What's the Format of the ACT Math Section? The ACT math section is 60 minutes long, with 60 questions total – so you’ll have just one minute to complete each question. You’ll definitely have to work quickly if you want to answer each one! Every question is multiple choice, and there is no penalty for guessing. Pacing and problem solving are the big challenges on the ACT math section. Pacing is tricky because you have to answer questions as quickly as possible without losing accuracy. In addition, you have to be able to quickly identify ways to solve problems. This is why studying specifically for ACT math is so important, since it requires you to work faster and more strategically than you have to in math class. You need to be able to problem solve, or use what the ACT calls using reasoning abilities. In addition, the math questions are not ordered by topic, so you need to be prepared to quickly switch between topics like statistics, algebra, and geometry. Test Content and Requirements The ACT tests math skills that most students know by the beginning of grade 12 – which in practice means nothing beyond Algebra II. If you’re an advanced student, ACT math content will be very straightforward. The content breakdown for ACT math is: Pre-Algebra (20-25%) Elementary Algebra (15-20%) Intermediate Algebra (15-20%) Coordinate Geometry (15-20%) Plane Geometry (20-25%) Trigonometry (5-10%) We’ll explore those sections in-depth with example problems and explain how you get scores for each section. You can use a calculator – but it has to be a permitted one. However, you’re not required to use a calculator, meaning all problems on the ACT can be solved without one. Be careful not to rely too much on your calculator if you use one, as it can actually slow you down. (For an expert discussion on the best calculators for standardized tests, see our post.) Unlike the SAT, you’re not given a reference sheet, so you have to know basic math formulas (y = mx + b, the area formula, the quadratic formula, etc) but nothing too complex. What Are ACT Math Section Subscores? Your score is based on how many total points out of 60 possible you earn. That raw score is converted to a section score between 1 and 36 (for more on that process, see our ACT scoring guide). You also receive three subscores based on the six content areas: pre-algebra and elementary algebra, intermediate algebra and coordinate geometry, and plane geometry and trigonometry. The subscores basically give more detailed information about your performance, but are generally not looked at too closely by colleges (your overall math section score and ACT composite are most important). However, you can use the subscore areas to focus your studying by math topic. We will explore the three math subsections and show some example questions for each. You might find that you are more than prepared for one area but need to focus your practice on one topic, like trigonometry or coordinate geometry. While we will give a detailed overview of what you can expect to see on the math section, we also recommend doing full practice tests so you can really get a sense of what the ACT math section is really like. #1: Pre-Algebra/Elementary Algebra Pre-Algebra (20-25%) Basic operations using whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and integers Place value Square roots and approximations The concept of exponents Scientific notation Factors Ratio, proportion, and percent Linear equations in one variable Absolute value and ordering numbers by value Elementary counting techniques and simple probability Data collection, representation, and interpretation Understanding simple descriptive statistics A basic operations problem. A probability problem based on a real-world situation. Elementary Algebra (15-20%) Properties of exponents and square roots Evaluation of algebraic expressions through substitution Using variables to express functional relationships Understanding algebraic operations The solution of quadratic equations by factoring Two elementary algebra problems. The first uses variables to express a real-world relationship. The second tests evaluation of algebraic expressions through substitution. #2: Intermediate Algebra/Coordinate Geometry Intermediate Algebra (15-20%) The quadratic formula Rational and radical expressions Absolute value equations and inequalities Sequences and patterns Systems of equations Quadratic inequalities Functions and modeling Matrices Roots of polynomials Complex numbers Coordinate Geometry (15-20%) Graphing and the relations between equations and graphs, including points, lines, polynomials, circles, and other curves Graphing inequalities Slope Parallel and perpendicular lines Distance Midpoints Conics #3: Plane Geometry/Trigonometry Plane Geometry (20-25%) Properties and relations of plane figures, including angles and relations among perpendicular and parallel lines Properties of circles, triangles, rectangles, parallelograms, and trapezoids Transformations The concept of proof and proof techniques Volume Applications of geometry to three dimensions Trigonometry (5-10%) Trigonometric relations in right triangles Values and properties of trigonometric functions Graphing trigonometric functions Modeling using trigonometric functions Use of trigonometric identities Solving trigonometric equations Example questions via Preparing for the ACT. Where Can You Find ACT Math Practice Materials? Now that you know what's on ACT Math, your next step is to start practicing! The most important way to prepare for the ACT is to take practice tests. We havelinks to free, official online practice teststo get you started. If you need to especially practice math, you can just take the Math sections, but for everyone we recommend you take at least a few full-length practice ACTs so you can get an idea of how well you'd do on the entire exam and get experience taking such a long test. A prep book can also be a major help while you're studying ACT Math, especially if there are some concepts you're still struggling to understand. However, it's important to get a high-quality prep book.See our guide tothe best ACT prep books on the market. What’s Next? Not sure what your target ACT score should be? Learn what a good, bad, or excellent score looks like, and the type of score you should aim for based on your dream colleges. Want some help studying? Consider using our PrepScholar program. We take the hard part out of studying so you can focus on practicing for the test, using high-quality practice questions, and improving your weak areas. Are you not a big fan of geometry? See if it’s possible to take the ACT without geometry. Looking for a perfect ACT math score? Get tips from our 36 full-scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Statistical Analysis of Stock Indices Research Paper

Statistical Analysis of Stock Indices - Research Paper Example On the other hand, according to Pelaez (1999, 232) 'there are many ways to forecast economic series, including extrapolation, econometric models, time-series models, and leading indicator models'. For the issue under analysis in this report, the test for unit root is considered as the most appropriate tool for evaluating the given data series from the Stock indices. The methodology applied has been considered as most appropriate after a thorough consideration of the specific subject involved. A technical overview on the nuances of the unit root test is presented followed by the analysis of the Stock indices given in SPSS v14.0. This method will enable the presentation of both the theories and the practical application using reliable software to ease the process and eliminate errors. Guido (2001, 164) says that 'the composite intrinsic value measure does not appear to be an adequate measure of a stock's or portfolio's value' in his experiment to compare the US and the Australian markets. Several possible reasons are offered for this difference, including the differing market structures, the use of a different index or the use of alternate statistical tests'. In the light of the above arguments, it is clear that for the data set under analysis it is essential to use a strong statistical tool to identify the relationship between the given stock indices. Dickey-Fuller statistic tests for the unit root in the time series data. Pt is regressed against Pt-1 to test for unit root in a time series random walk model, which is given as: Pt = r Pt-1 + ut (1) If r is significantly equal to 1, then the stochastic variable Pt is said to be having unit root. A series with unit root is said to be un-stationary and does not follow random walk. There are three most popular Dickey-Fuller tests used for testing unit root in a series. The above equation can be rewritten as: D Pt = d Pt-1 + ut (2) Here d = (r - 1) and here it is tested if d is equal to zero. Pt is a random walk if d is equal to zero. It is possible that the time series could behave as a random walk with a drift. This means that the value of Pt may not center to zero and thus a constant should be added to the random walk equation. A linear trend value could also be added along with the constant to the equation, which results in a null hypothesis reflecting stationary deviations from a trend. To test the validity of market efficiency, random walk hypothesis has been tested. Unit root test has been conducted on Pt, natural log values of indices price data by running the regression equations of the following type: D Pt = d Pt-1 + ut (3) D Pt = a + d Pt-1 + ut (4) D Pt = a + dPt-1 + b t + ut (5) where, a is constant term and b is the coefficient of trend term. The null hypothesis for each is: H0: d = 0 (viii) The null hypothesis that Pt is a random walk can be rejected if calculated t is greater than the tabulated t. From the aforementioned it is clear that the test for unit root is a reliable analytical tool to test the consistency of the data series. In case of the stock market indices we are analysing, the test for unit root is a reliable tool to test the extent to which the index is speculating. The output from the autoregressive analysis for unit root test reveals that the behaviour of the stock indices it is clear that "OMXCOPENHAGEN" and "MADRIDSEGENERAL" have

Dell creates global business sales operations to better serve Coursework

Dell creates global business sales operations to better serve customers - Coursework Example Among the many companies that operate in the manufacturing sector now, the computer manufacturing companies like Dell Inc are making sizable impacts. The last few decades of the 20th century saw the emergence of sizable computer manufacturing companies, which first started manufacturing basic level Personal Computers. Now, these companies including Dell Inc. have expanded into the manufacturing of many computer related or information technology related hardware, which are having applications in the various facets of human lives. Dell Inc was established in year 1984 by Michael Dell, originally under the name of PC's Limited. When he was a student at the University of Texas, Dell started selling IBM PC-compatible computers from an off-campus dorm room at Dobie Center in Austin, Texas. The thing that made this computer different from the computers sold by other companies at that time was, it was manufactured or even assembled from various computer stock parts. Michael Dell, with the ai d of external financing and technological know-how, then started manufacturing their own computers under the name â€Å"Turbo PC†. From that initial initiative, the company grew strongly even changing the name from PC’s Limited to "Dell Computer Corporation" in 1988. Then in 2003, it re-branded to simply Dell Inc. to reflect its expansion beyond computer related products. Now, it designs, manufactures and sells personal computers, other computer and electronic related products. Although, Dell Inc. also sells products manufactured by third part manufacturers like Televisions, it directly manufactures many computer related hardware in its various manufacturing facilities located worldwide. In those manufacturing centers, Dell manufactures Desktops, Laptops, Servers, printers, ink cartridges, Mobile phones and various other IT and electronics based components, making Dell Inc. one of the top manufacturing companies of the world. Organizational Structure Dell Inc. is a pub lic limited company, as it went public in the year 1988 itself, with the selling of around 3.5 million company shares at rates of $8.50 a share. (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt 2008). Although, it operates as the Pubic Limited Company in majority of the operations, in key markets like India, it operates as a private limited company. That is, in United States and UK, it operates as a public company only, with the word Incorporation or Inc used in the end for US operations, while in UK, according to the United Kingdom Company Law, the abbreviation Plc is added to the company name. However, in other emerging markets like India, it operates as private entity, taking the name Dell Private India Ltd. Thus, Dell’s identity or sector depends on the market it operates. After going public only, Dell focused on large clients particularly large contracts from the government agencies, thereby expanding and diversifying its organizational structure. When the company earned good profits in the years just before 1988, Dell Inc. thought going public can help generate sizable funds, which can be further utilized to tap the opportunities available then. â€Å"In 1988, Dell after becoming public added a sales force to serve the large customers and began selling to government agencies† (Thompson et al. 2006, p.36). Headquartered in Round Rock, Texas, Dell is run by a board of directors consisting of nine people. Its founder

Formation Hypotheses of White Mountain Magma Series

Formation Hypotheses of White Mountain Magma Series Julie Sophis Introduction A grouping of igneous rocks, similar in chemical, texture, and mineralogical features which come from a common source magma and are within a similar time and space when intruded are considered a magma series (Lachance, 1978). The White Mountain Magma Series, WMMS, is located primarily in New Hampshire with a few related plutons mapped in Maine and Vermont. This series received much of its recognition in 1956 and earlier (McHone and Butler, 1984). The White Mountain Magma Series has been placed as part of the New England-Quebec province, representing igneous activity which is considered to be of similar ages and similar compositions that stretches over an area of 300km by 400km through southern Quebec and New England (McHone and Butler, 1984). This magmatism of the whole White Mountain igneous province is characterized as A-type (Eby, 1999). In looking specifically at the White Mountain Magma Series, two distinct time frames of igneous activity are found, one older and one younger. The older igneous activity, referred to as the older White Mountain Igneous Province (OWM), dates to 220-155 Ma (Eby and Kennedy, 2004). Alkali syenites, quartz syenites, metaluminous granite, peralkaline granite, peralkaline rhyolites, and two areas of identified silica-undersaturated rock have been identified (Eby and Kennedy, 2004). There is an absence of mafic igneous rocks and this older area consists of multiple ring dikes (Eby and Kennedy, 2004). The younger igneous activity, currently referred to as Monteregian Hills White Mountain Igneous Province (MHWM), is marked at 130-100 Ma (Eby and Kennedy, 2004). The majority of the magmatism is dated to have occurred in about 125 Ma; however, younger outliers exist (Armstrong and Stump, 1971; Foland and Faul, 1977; Eby and Kennedy, 2004). This younger activity consists of mainly of mafic alkaline suites and felsic rocks in the intrusions and of this series, small plugs and ring like structures are both present with the most evolved rocks being syenites and quarts with occurrences of biotite granite (Eby and Kennedy, 2004). Many geologists have hypothesized the origin of the magma series. As advances in geological sciences have been made, along with advances in identification of rocks and dating, these hypotheses have evolved. Of these, one of the first major ideas include deep seated fractures in a northwest and east-west trending network that act as centers of low pressure and intrusions for melting (Chapman, 1968). A hypothesis of a hotspot origin has been supported by a greater range of geologists (Crough, 1981b; Duncan, 1984). A third major hypothesis to the origin of the WMMS involves rifting in line with the opening of the Atlantic (Foland and Faul, 1977; McHone, 1981; McHone and Butler, 1984). Since there is no decisive agreement on the origin of the White Mountain Magma Series, there have been advances in understanding the magma sources themselves (Eby et al., 1992). The evolution of hypotheses surrounding the origin of the magmatism in the White Mountain Magma Series will be explored in this paper. The evolution of thought with incorporation of geological advances will be used to determine the current understanding of the White Mountain Magma Series. Formation Fracture Zones Carleton Chapman was one of the first geologists to write about the formation of the WMMS. As published, it was postulated that there are two sets of deep seated fracture zones which form a lattice within the crust of the earth under the WMMS (Chapman, 1968). In this hypothesis, these zones had a lower pressure and underwent partial melting from which mafic magma intruded via rounded chambers and rose to the top of the crust (Chapman, 1968). The mapped absences of igneous activity were taken into account and justified to be due to inadequate melting in a particular region, prevention from overlying rock in allowing the magma to rise to the surface were it could be mapped, and that igneous rock could have been mistakenly missed in field work or covered by surface rock (Chapman, 1968). The lattice line structure proposed has little evidence to support it as there are no faults along the proposed structure of lines (McHone and Butler, 1984). Hotspots The hotspot model appears in a number of papers in which the WMMS is linked to a hotspot in with the North American plate moved over. An expanded version of the simple hotspot model has been made with the addition to support of the hotspot origin of the New England Seamount chain and the general movement of the North American plate over a hotspot (Crough, 1981b). In connecting the use of conodant, fission track, radiometric, and tectonic data, a hypothesis that this movement led to the regional uplift of New England was developed (Crough, 1981b). This uplift was at least 4km in comparison to the central Appalachian region (Crough, 1981b). Through the plotting of this data, the younger White Mountain Igneous Province forming via the Greater Meteor hotspot track is explained; however, the Older Igneous Province is not accounted for in this trace (Crough, 1981b). This argument has published faults; it is argued that due to lack of significant age progression there is a large data gap al ong the hotspot trace between the province and used kimberlite and seamounts (McHone, 1981). In addition to this gap, it is pointed out that although a portion of the data does fit the hotspot model, it excludes the Older Igneous Province, leaving many questions as to whether this is due to a mantle plume whose trace has been erased, later magmatism, or other events not known (McHone, 1981). . In support of the hotspot hypothesis in connection to the New England Seamount Chain, the use of radiometric ages of K-Ar and 40Ar-39Ar were examined (Duncan, 1984). From southeast to northwest there is an increase in seamount construction leading to the northwestward motion of the North American plate over a New England hotspot between 103 Ma and 83 Ma (Duncan, 1984). Fitting the seamount distribution with a volcano migration rate of 4.7cm/year, the ages align with a larger age progression from the Corner Seamounts, on the eastern end (70 to 75 Ma) to the younger White Mountain Igneous Province (100 to 124 Ma) (Duncan, 1984). The age-space relation used does not account for the Older Igneous Province, leaving a gap in the hotspot model (Duncan, 1984). Rifting Through the dating of 26 igneous complexes via K-Ar analysis, it was thereby ruled out that the single hotspot hypothesis can account for the full formation of the WMMS as it does not account for the spread of ages, a non-consistent time transgression from 98 to 238 Ma, nor does it account for the dates appearing to show more episodic activity than continuous (Foland and Faul 1977). The WMMS complexes were hypothesized to have originated along the extension of a transform fault during sea-floor spreading (Foland and Faul 1977). Arguably, the younger White Mountain Igneous Province and older White Mountain Igneous Province could be initiated and positioned along weak zones of deep-seated fractures, explaining their overlap (McHone, 1981). The overlap seen in mapping of the WMMS can be stress related to the opening of the both the central Atlantic and northern Atlantic and the gradual strain along the zones caused magmatism to decrease (McHone, 1981). The regional uplift as a result of the hotspot movement (Crough, 1981b), can be accounted for by the transfer of heat into the lithosphere by intrusions (McHone, 1981). In an argument against the hypothesis of weakened zones, it is stated there is no global relation between volcanic lineaments and surficial features, the majority of the dated volcanic lineaments show an age progression, midplate volcanism is not known to occur across the same lineaments at separate times, and lastly three major lithospheric faults four separate periods of activation would be nee ded to account for all features and data (Crough, 1981a). Elaborating upon the proposed hypothesis of weakened zones due to rifting (McHone, 1981), once the Atlantic had opened, a significant quantity of granitic magma and undersaturated gabbro-diorite-syenite were formed and hypothesized to be a result of melting in the thick crust caused by volatile upwelling or increased heat flow, thus creating the WMMS (McHone and Butler, 1984). The extended nature of the WMMS is proposed to be a result of mantle upwelling along and extensional fracture zone in which the WMMS is a reflection of the orientation and positioning of a deep basement structure parallel to the Connecticut River Valley and Lake Champlain Valley (McHone and Butler, 1984). At the thickest parts of this lower crust, partial melting occurred, crustal thinning and erosion were accelerated by uplift, and the WMMS was emplaced as the deep basement structures were technically active under the influence of mantle convection during rifting (McHone and Butler, 1984). Current Understanding From geochronological data, a thermal anomaly existed for an extended period of time under the WMMS (Eby et al., 1992). The mantle source, through isotopic dating, matches characteristics similar to that of oceanic island basalt source but determining whether that source a hotspot or from rifting is not known (Eby et al., 1992). In either case, it is proposed that the mantle-derived melts were emplaced into the crust at the base and by fractional crystallization evolved and this stage was interrupted and the magmas were moved to a higher crustal level where later evolution took place (Eby et al., 1992). The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP)which extends to the north and south on either side of the Atlantic Ocean where magmatism occurred at about 200 Ma and in Maritime and New England province (CNE)this magmatism occurred between 225 and 230 Ma (Eby, 2013). This magmatism is immediately followed by the older White Mountain Igneous Province (OWM) as it a distinctly different emplacement of igneous rocks, from about 200 to 160 Ma and then in roughly 122 Ma the Monteregian Hills White Mountain Igneous Province (MHWM),introduced displaying a greater range of diverse rocks (Eby, 2013). The rarity of mafic rocks in the OWN negates any direct comparison with CAMP magmas; although, OWM samples have elemental and isotopic characteristics similar to CNE and MHWM which are drastically different from that of CAMP magmas (Eby, 2013). As mafic rocks are abundant in the MHWM and these magmas have been hypothesized to be derived from a depleted mantle source and are related by degrees of mel ting and crustal contamination, the same models can be applied to the OWM and CNE (Eby, 2013). It can thus be concluded that the CNE, OWN, and MHWM were all derived from a similar matching magma source and are representative of varying magma compositions related to variations in degrees of partial melting and crustal contamination (Eby, 2013). It is pointed out however, this does not link CAMP magmas to these three as it must come from a separate source magma and has a different history (Eby, 2013). Using the connection made between OWN, MHWM, and CNE, a step in determining the origin of the WMMS is to determine the origin of the CNE. The CNE magmas may the start of a plume origin for the CAMP magmas; however, because of the lack of relationship between the CAMP and CNE magmas this hypothesis is yet to be resolved (Dorais, 2005). In assuming that the CNE magmas were the initial magmatism in a plume event, then a composition of oceanic island basalts would not be expected; however that is what CNE I has as a composition (Dorais, 2005). Oceanic basalts have been hypothesized to represent the end of plume magma events and thus CNE magmas would be assumed to have to have erupted after that of the plume, not prior (Dorais, 2005). It has been concluded however, that the CNE rocks may represent pre-shield type magmatism prior to CAMP as it matches elemental characteristics of Loihi magmas which were precursors to the shield magmatism in Hawaii (Dorais, 2005). With these conclusions and the connections between OWM, MHWM, and CNE it is possible that the hotspot/mantle plume hypothesis has further support. Conclusion It is clear that there is no exact answer to how the White Mountain Magma Series was formed and how it was emplaced into its current positioning. I believe it is fair to say that the hypothesis of fracture zones under the province (Chapman, 1968) has little evidence to be considered a reasonable explanation. As to the debate over whether the WMMS is a result of a hot spot track or rifting due to the opening of the Atlantic, I do not believe there is a concise answer. Both hypotheses have what seems to be logical evidence for support while they also both have flaws and unaccounted for aspects. To determine one origin hypothesis, I believe it is relevant to continue work in looking at the larger picture of the WMMS and how it is similar and different to the series of the CAMP and CNE magmas. If additional connections can be made in terms of composition and dating models then additional progress in terms of origin of both the WMMS and the CNE magmas. References Armstrong, R., Stump, E. (1971). Additional K-Ar dates, White Mountain magma series, New England. American Journal of Science, 270(5), 331-333. Chapman, C. A. (1968). A comparison of the Maine coastal plutons and the magmatic central complexes of New Hampshire. Studies in Appalachian Geology: Northern and Maritime, Ed.by E-an Zen, WS White, JB Hadley and JB Thompson Jr., New York, Interscience Pubs., Inc, Crough, S. T. (1981). Comment and reply on ‘Mesozoic hotspot epeirogeny in eastern north America ‘REPLY. Geology, 9(8), 342-343. Crough, S. T. (1981). Mesozoic hotspot epeirogeny in eastern North America. Geology, 9(1), 2-6. Dorais, M. J., Harper, M., Larson, S., Nugroho, H., Richardson, P., Roosmawati, N. (2005). A comparison of eastern north America and coastal New England magma suites: Implications for subcontinental mantle evolution and the broad-terrane hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42(9), 1571-1587. Duncan, R. A. (1984). Age progressive volcanism in the New England seamounts and the opening of the central Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978–2012), 89(B12), 9980-9990. Eby, G. N. Ossipee field trip guide New Hampshire geological society. Eby, G. N. (2013). Post CAMP magmatism: The White Mountain and Monteregian hills igneous provinces, eastern North America. Eby, G. N., Krueger, H. W., Creasy, J. W. (1992). Geology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the White Mountain batholith, New Hampshire. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 268, 379-398. Eby, G., Kennedy, B. (2004). The ossipee ring complex, New Hampshire. Guidebook to Field Trips from Boston, MA to Saco Bay, ME: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, Salem, Massachusetts, pp. 61-72. Lachance, D. J. (1978). Genesis of the White Mountain magma series McHone, J. G. (1981). Comment and reply on ‘Mesozoic hotspot epeirogeny in eastern north America ‘COMMENT. Geology, 9(8), 341-342. McHone, J. G., Butler, J. R. (1984). Mesozoic igneous provinces of New England and the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 95(7), 757-765.

Culture and education in the development of Africa Essay

Some of the colonial power portrayed Africa as primitive in their descriptions, for instance, Cecil Rhodes Social Darwinism advocate states, â€Å"I contend that we are the finest race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better†¦Ã¢â‚¬  King Leopold of Belgium assertion on civilization, â€Å"To open to civilization the only part of the globe where it has yet to penetrate †¦is, I dare to say, a crusade worthy of this century of progress.† From the above assertions, it is prudent to note that, colonial powers thought Africa to be devoid of the organization in social, political and economic perspective and therefore they wanted â€Å"to make Africa, England.† In that thought of naivety of the Africans, there were societal structures and organizations which British did not care to observe. However, it was not going to be easy as where two or three cultures interact a conflict is inevitable. Although Africa was not a plain or bear continent, Africans had their way of life, structure of government, religion, economic activities, education, systems of marriage and development plans for their societies, nevertheless the British brought their systems which conflicted with Africans established way of life, this was because the British, as many other European powers were economically depressed and Africa appeared to be the only way out. The British wanted to pass the three C’s; Commerce, that is to make money through an acquisition of free labor form Africans, raw materials for their industries as industrial revolution back in Britain was rapidly taking place, the market for their surplus production; Christianity to save Africans.Explorers such as David Livingstone, Vasco Da Gama, Portuguese Diego Cam and Arabs with Muslim faith had missionary zeal. The last C is for Civilization, they wanted to civilize Africans in terms of education, culture and many other aspects. Th us, to a larger extent, the activities of British heartened conflicts. African traditional religion is rooted in the African culture, it was difficult for Christianity to penetrate through. Portuguese tried in the fifteen century and failed. For Christianity to take the course the Africans had to abandon their culture which was hard so to say. The Missionaries in the nineteenth century, however, came up with an elaborate plan for them to spread Christianity. They introduced through religion, education and health centers which contradicted informal learning and the institution of medicine men. Africans gradually began to embrace Whiteman’s way of life but not without several clashes. These battles are seen in various forms such as spiritual, doctrinal, cultural and practical. The African religion has been given several definitions by different scholars, for instance, Dr. John Mbiti has elaborated aspects of African religion. In his book African Traditional Religion, Mbiti (1991) African religion is very pragmatic and realistic (p2), he explains that it is applied in circumstances where need arises. In addition he states that religion is rooted in the local language, so to comprehend religious life of an African society one has to understand the local dialect. He further affirms, â€Å"To be an African in traditional setup is to be truly religious.† (p30) He states that the religion can be seen in five aspects of culture; beliefs, practices, ceremonies and festivals, religious objects and places, values and morals and religious officials and leaders. He defines African religion as: â€Å" The product of the thinking and experiences of our forefathers and mothers that is men and women of their generations. They formed religious ideas, they observed religious ceremonies and rituals, they told proverbs and myths which safeguarded the life of individual and his community.(pp 13-14) Mbiti notes that Af rican religion has no scriptures as compared to Christianity and other religions, it is written in peoples history ,hearts and experiences of the people.(p14) Awolalu in his book Sin and its Removal in the African Traditional Religion defines African religion as â€Å"†¦largely written in the people’s myth and folktales, in their songs and dances, in their liturgies and shrines and in their proverbs and pithy sayings. It is a religion whose historical founder is neither known nor worshipped; it is a religion that has no zeal for membership drive, yet it offers persistent fascination for Africans, young and old.† The African traditional religion was not homogeneous as the communities had different ethnic background thus the religious practices such rituals varied one community to the other. It is worth noting that it was oral not scripted or written and was passed from one generation to the other by word of mouth, as I earlier alluded in the definitions of religion. Within their organized societal structures, Africans believed in supernatural beings together with ancestral spirits.The ancestral spirits were believed to li nk the living societal members to the gods. Therefore, the African traditional religion was and still is interweaved to the African culture. From the above insights, one cannot talk of African religion without African values as they are intertwined and inseparable. African religion was embedded in moral values or codes or standards which were believed to originate from god through the ancestral spirits, these values when observed one would be rewarded with maybe good harvest from their cultivation of land or increased number of flock of cattle. When these values were violated the culprits were reprimanded. The concept of values is a vital point as one talks of the African religion. For that reason African religion is drawn from the African values and Culture. African Culture was the source of law through the moral codes and values passed from generation to generation. From the above description we can see that law or rules of conduct were embedded in religion and that African religion was interweaved in the African culture.The African religion had some institutions as Mbiti points out in the aspects of African religion, w ho presided over religious functions, these institutions were believed to communicate directly to ancestral spirits (living dead) who in turn would communicate to the gods and grievances of the living societal members would be heard. In the Kenyan context, these institutions include Orkoyot of the Nandi, Oloibon of the Maasai, Seers, Diviners, and Rainmakers depending on the ethnic communities which they came from. These institutions apart from veneration of the ancestors, they blessed warrior before going for war, advised the political leaders, offered sacrifice to god and conducted rituals for the culprits who violated moral values in the community. The gods had some specific names for instance, in Kenyan context, we had Enkai for the Maasai, Engoro for the Abagusii, Mulungu for Akamba, Asis the Nandi, Ngai for the Agikuyu and Nyasaye for the Luo. There were specific worship places which were regarded as holy, this places included shrines, mountaintops some special trees such as m ugumo, hills and some caves. The diversity of the names given to gods and places of worship, show the lack of uniformity in the African Religion. Thus Africans were of different ethnic background and had their own religion, gods and religion as a community. The clashes can be seen in the five aspects as earlier alluded in Mbiti’s work that is beliefs, practices, ceremonies, festivals, religious objects and places, values and morals, religious officials and leaders. These aspects of African religion differ from those of Christianity. I) Source/origin of Religion The Africans believed that their religion was sourced from god, who they believed long before their ancestors’ existence. The British Missionaries conflict with Africans by telling them about the existence of a God who had a son and lived among them many years ago. The religion of British was written (Bible) thus one had to have the ability to read and write in order to understand it, whereas that of African was passed from generation to generation by oral tradition. There is an introduction of a new system of identifying the origin of religion which conflicts with the African system. II) Places of worship The Africans revered in special caves, Mountaintops, hills, Forests, Special trees (mugumo) and shrines. The British tell Africans that they should worship God places called Churches. This encounter shows that there is a bit of clashing as the African places were very clearly defined and preserved by the community members. The British also seized African land to construct churches or chapels, Africans as a result became very hostile as they had distinct worship places which occurred naturally. They believed that their land was for cultivation and a gift from their gods. III) The Practices of Religion The Africans practiced their religion by reverence to their ancestors, offering human and animal sacrifices and invoking the ancestral spirits. They offered sacrifices in order to get favours in terms of harvest. The African worship was communal that is, all community members used to convene to pray for rain and ask for wellness of the community. The British religion had an aspect of confession of one`s sins before worship, repentance and forgiveness of sin is granted. This aspect of forgiveness of sins lacks in the traditional African religion, one had to be punished for wrong doing. British missionary religion brings out an aspect of offerings in terms of money and tithe which is ten per cent of one`s total earnings. IV) Religious leaders In African religion, worship was led by Diviners, Rainmakers, and Seers who were considered righteous. The work of religious leaders was taught through apprecentiship and was hereditary from specific clans in the community. There were certain clans from whom diviners would descend. They were highly respected in the community. The British Christian religious leaders attend school to be trained mainly on theology. They study formalities of worship and nature of God. Any member of Christian family can become a religious leader although there are some myths which say one has to be ‘called’ by God. A Christian leader has to have the ability to read and write so as to pass the scriptures to his congregation. V) Uniformity of Religion As I handled earlier in this essay, the African traditional religion was diverse from one ethnic community to the other due to the linguistic differences, migration patterns and origin. Christianity is introduced as a homogeneous religion as the author of it is Jesus Christ, a common ancestry and reference point for all Christians. The diversity of worship is dismantled by the British introduction of this even religion. Africans were notoriously religious as it was found in each group. Africans who lived as per the traditional way of life were regarded as very religious.it is also worth acknowledging that Africans are at crossroads due to the fact that religion is imbedded in the African culture. It is thus difficult for Africans to fully be committed to Christianity as being fully whole-hearted means they will have to abandon some of the partaking of African culture. This has already happened as some dedicated African Christians refer to traditional religion as paganism, fetish, and animism. References. Mbiti J.S (1999) African Religion and Philosophy, Oxford, England, Heinemann Educational Publishers. Mbiti J.S (1991) Introduction to African Religion Oxford, England, Heinemann Educational Publishers. Awolalo J.O (1976) Sin and Its Removal from the African Traditional Religion Uchenna O (2008) African Crossroads: Conflict between African Traditional Religion and Christianity, The International Journal of Humanities volume 6 Number 2 History and Government Form One to Four, KLB Fourth Edition. Kwasi W. (1998) Towards Decolonizing African Religion and Philosophy, African Studies Quarterly volume 1 Issue 4. NAME: MUNYALO, DANIEL MUTHENGI REG.NO: G34/102614/2017 COURSE: GPR 109 LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING

Sophocles Oedipus The King Essay - 1960 Words

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Leadership Competencies And Leadership Skills - 1477 Words

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